Of the Reserved stock in SAP Business One - labelled „Confirmed“ in the system - comprises the quantity of items that have already been firmly planned due to future material issues. These stocks are no longer available for new sales or stock transfers.
As soon as an item is committed via sales orders, production orders or stock transfer requests, SAP Business One automatically reserves this quantity. The system deducts this value from the physically available stock, resulting in the actual available Quantity reduced. The reservation thus ensures that goods that have already been confirmed are not inadvertently planned twice. The reserved quantities are managed at warehouse and item level and are displayed separately for each warehouse on the Inventory data visible in the article master. This information is essential for stock planning, especially in companies with tight stock levels or just-in-time delivery processes.
Reservation sources
Reservations are created by three main document types:
- Customer orders (sales orders): All open orders block the requested quantity in the warehouse.
- Production orders (Production Orders): Components that are required for planned or released productions are automatically reserved.
- Inventory transfer requests: As soon as such a request has been created, the requested quantity is marked as reserved in the source warehouse.
Calculation of availability (ATP logic)
The reserved stock is an integral part of the availability logic:
Available quantity = Physical stock - Reserved stock + Ordered quantity
Example: An item has 100 units in stock, 60 are confirmed (reserved), 20 are ordered. The available quantity is then 60 pieces (100 - 60 + 20). If the reserved stock is greater than the combined stock and order, the availability can become negative - an indication of a shortage.
Special cases: Series and batch management
SAP Business One differentiates when it comes to reservations:
- serial numbers: A serial number is considered reserved if it is assigned to a document. The status „Allocated“ is displayed in the system as long as the delivery has not been made.
- Batch numbers: In the selection window, „Allocated Qty“ shows the quantity already reserved by other documents. This helps to avoid double allocations.
Differentiation from related terms
During the Physical inventory the quantity actually available in the warehouse, the Reserved stock to the portion of this that is already committed by vouchers. The Available quantity in turn results from the difference between the two, including the inflows.
Special case: Locking bearing
Although items in blocked or check stock are physically available, they do not count towards the quantity available for sale. The reserved quantity can still be created independently of this, as it is controlled by documents and not by warehouse status. Only if an item is explicitly not relevant to MRP is it ignored in the availability.